I'm no expert, but this is what I think I remember:
Two methods of testing: standing up and lying down. Blow as hard as you can into the tube, until your face turns blue, then keep on blowing til it's ridiculous. Bring your numbers back to the forum so we can all get an education on the subject. Some PALS say it is tiring, and they need to rest afterward.
WHOOPS: A post above said breathing is voluntary. Nope. Breathing is automatic and is accomplished by a totally different nervous system. But quite often, our brains sense a high CO2 content in the blood and we take a deep breath to get exhale CO2. This especially happens when we've been sitting sedentary (like PALS do). Taking a deep breath involves voluntary muscles, and involves some nerves that can be destroyed by ALS.
When we can't take a deep breath, the CO2 builds up in our blood and our brain learns to accept a higher CO2 level. Thus, we don't bother to clear out our lungs, and the CO2 builds even higher. We begin to sleep more because of this CO2 poisoning, and eventually the CO2 gets so built up that we die.
But often, we don't get that far. PALS with a paralyzed tongue may develop difficulty swallowing, and so foods and liquids and pills might get into our lungs. This turns into pneumonia, which inhibits the lung's ability to take in oxygen and expel CO2. A PALS might not be able to cough adequately, so we use a Cough Assist machine to give us a blast of air and suck it back out. It's uncomfortable to do this.
I know that this is a PLS forum, but I had to respond when someone said breathing is voluntary.
--Mike