It seems that methylcobalamin, mecobalamin and cyanocobalamin are all "B12". Methycobalamin = mecobalamin but Methycobalamin/mecobalamin are NOT cyanocobalamin and cyanocobalamin is usually the B12 vitamin you buy at the drug store. Taking any of these orally seems to be ineffective, the substance never makes it to the bloodstream. I have not been able to determine if taking methycobalamin sublingually (i.e. under the tongue) is effective. So far from what I can tell it doesn't look like it. The only effective way to take methylcobalamin is via an intramuscular shot. But don't quote me on this, there are many conflicting statements on this. One thing that is for sure is that the Japanese study is mecobalamin via intramuscular shots. So that is what I will try as soon as I can get my hands on them.