some of what I've learned recently....
In regards to social security disability; If all the medical information showing your diagnosis was present then there’s no need for the Disability Determinations office to establish severity of disability. It is my understanding that with a diagnosis of ALS there is an approval of benefits. Your condition is a TERI claim, as well as ALS qualifying under the compassionate allowances program. Since the compassionate allowances program was just implemented nationally this past October/November there may be a delay for some sites in processing qualifying claims as such. It might help if you put the medical code for your diagnosis on your claim, and to spell out amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The code is 335.20.
As far as any other types of disability claims, I just submitted my claim for LTD through my employer (and do not have its status yet) but read what my neuro wrote, and she just wrote "progressive bulbar dysfunction and limb weakness. For the spot where they are to esimate recovery, she wrote "no recovery anticipated" I did not see a copy of what was written for my SSD claim.
Bottom line is there's no need for the disability determinations office to establish the severity of your disability with a diagnosis of ALS.
BUT, about meeting earnings requirements to receive SSD, I do not think there is anything that a person can do about it if they've not paid in, or paid in enough, (or for a long enough time) to social security during the time that they were employed. The benefit which we may think of as a tax on our paycheck is kind of like making an insurance payment each pay, because if we haven't paid enough of its "premium" we don't qualify to receive it. Georgia, if your husband's work history meets the requirements you listed, you qualify as his spouse/dependent I think, to share his benefits.
They told me at the SS office, that my benefit I will receive from SSD will disqualify me from receiving the SSI due to the amount. There is a "sticky" at the top of one of these forum pages titled "need SSI help" (or something similar to this. It has helpful info in it.