GABRIEL and Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus (
Greek: Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; September 129 AD – c. 200/c. 216), often
Anglicized as Galen and better known as Galen of Pergamon (
/ˈɡeɪlən/), was a
Greek physician,
surgeon and
philosopher in the
Roman Empire. Arguably the most accomplished of all
medical researchers of
antiquity, Galen influenced the development of various scientific disciplines, including
anatomy,
physiology,
pathology,
pharmacology, and
neurology, as well as philosophy and
logic.
A Sampling of Galenism’s Successes
• Diagnosis of disease by careful attention to the patient’s pulse.
• Diagnosis of disease by careful attention to the patient’s urine.
• Removal of cataracts from patients’ eyes.
• Diagnosis of physical symptoms caused by psychological disturbance.
• Proof that urine forms in kidneys, not the bladder.
• Discovery that arteries carry liquid blood rather than, as previously thought, gaseous air.
• Identification of 7 of the 12 cranial nerves – such as the optic nerve and acoustic nerve.
• Identification of two types of blood – bright red and dark red.
• Discovery that the heart has four valves and they allow blood to flow in only one direction.